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一、  單相變壓器工作原(yuan)理：

當變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器一(yi)(yi)次(ci)側(ce)(ce)施加(jia)交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)U1，流(liu)(liu)過(guo)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)的(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)為I1,則該電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)在鐵芯中會(hui)(hui)產生交變(bian)(bian)磁(ci)通，使(shi)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)和二次(ci)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)發生電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)聯系，根據電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)感(gan)應原理(li)，交變(bian)(bian)磁(ci)通穿過(guo)這兩個繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)就會(hui)(hui)感(gan)應出(chu)電(dian)(dian)動勢，其大小與繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)匝(za)數(shu)(shu)以及主(zhu)磁(ci)通的(de)最大值成正(zheng)比，繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)匝(za)數(shu)(shu)多的(de)一(yi)(yi)側(ce)(ce)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)高，繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)匝(za)數(shu)(shu)少(shao)的(de)一(yi)(yi)側(ce)(ce)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)，當變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器二次(ci)側(ce)(ce)開路(lu)，即變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器空載時，一(yi)(yi)二次(ci)端電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)與一(yi)(yi)二次(ci)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)匝(za)數(shu)(shu)成正(zheng)比，變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器起(qi)到變(bian)(bian)換(huan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)目(mu)的(de)。 

當變壓器二(er)次(ci)側(ce)接入負(fu)載(zai)后，在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢(shi)(shi)E2的作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)下(xia)，將有二(er)次(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)通過，該(gai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)產(chan)生的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢(shi)(shi)，也將作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)在(zai)(zai)同一(yi)鐵(tie)(tie)芯(xin)上，起(qi)到反向(xiang)去磁作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，但因主磁通取決于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，而(er)U1基本保持不(bu)變，故一(yi)次(ci)繞組電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)必將自動增(zeng)加一(yi)個分量(liang)產(chan)生磁動勢(shi)(shi)F1,以抵消二(er)次(ci)繞組電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)所產(chan)生的磁動勢(shi)(shi)F2,在(zai)(zai)一(yi)二(er)次(ci)繞組電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)L1、L2作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)下(xia)，作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)在(zai)(zai)鐵(tie)(tie)芯(xin)上的總磁動勢(shi)(shi)（不(bu)計空(kong)載(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)I0),F1+F2=0,
由于F1=I1N1,F2=I2N2,故
I1N1+I2N2=0,由式可知，I1和I2同相，所以
I1/I2=N2/N1=1/K

由(you)式(shi)可知(zhi)，一(yi)二(er)(er)次(ci)(ci)電流(liu)比(bi)與一(yi)二(er)(er)次(ci)(ci)電壓(ya)(ya)比(bi)互為倒(dao)數，變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器一(yi)二(er)(er)次(ci)(ci)繞組功(gong)率基本不(bu)變(bian)，（因變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器自身損(sun)耗較其傳輸功(gong)率相對較小），二(er)(er)次(ci)(ci)繞組電流(liu)I2的(de)(de)大小取決于(yu)(yu)負載(zai)的(de)(de)需要，所以一(yi)次(ci)(ci)繞組電流(liu)I1的(de)(de)大小也取決于(yu)(yu)負載(zai)的(de)(de)需要，變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器起(qi)到了功(gong)率傳遞的(de)(de)作(zuo)用。

      所謂變壓(ya)(ya)器就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)要改變電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，一般發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)輸(shu)出為(wei)(wei)三(san)相正弦(xian)交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)，分(fen)為(wei)(wei)U相、V相、W相。發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)分(fen)三(san)角(jiao)形連(lian)(lian)接和(he)星(xing)型連(lian)(lian)接：三(san)角(jiao)形連(lian)(lian)接就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)將(jiang)三(san)項(xiang)首尾連(lian)(lian)接起來(lai)輸(shu)出三(san)條線幾十所謂的(de)(de)三(san)相間的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)有(you)效值為(wei)(wei)380V，星(xing)型是(shi)將(jiang)三(san)星(xing)的(de)(de)首或(huo)尾連(lian)(lian)接起來(lai)輸(shu)出四條線分(fen)別(bie)為(wei)(wei)三(san)相和(he)地線，而三(san)相的(de)(de)任意一相和(he)地線的(de)(de)連(lian)(lian)接稱為(wei)(wei)單(dan)項(xiang)電(dian)(dian)有(you)效值為(wei)(wei)220V用于單(dan)相電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)變壓(ya)(ya)器稱為(wei)(wei)單(dan)向變壓(ya)(ya)器，而

連接于單相(xiang)變(bian)壓器次級的負載(zai)稱為單相(xiang)負荷。