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 單(dan)相變壓器工作原理：當變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)側(ce)施加交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)U1，流(liu)(liu)過一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)繞(rao)組的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)為(wei)I1,則該電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)在鐵芯中會產(chan)生(sheng)交變(bian)(bian)磁(ci)(ci)通，使一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)繞(rao)組和二次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)繞(rao)組發生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)聯系，根(gen)據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)感應原(yuan)理，交變(bian)(bian)磁(ci)(ci)通穿過這兩個繞(rao)組就會感應出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢(shi)，其(qi)大小與(yu)繞(rao)組匝(za)數以及主磁(ci)(ci)通的(de)最(zui)大值(zhi)成正比(bi)(bi)，繞(rao)組匝(za)數多的(de)一(yi)側(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)高，繞(rao)組匝(za)數少的(de)一(yi)側(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)，當變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)二次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)側(ce)開路，即變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)空載時，一(yi)二次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)與(yu)一(yi)二次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)繞(rao)組匝(za)數成正比(bi)(bi)，變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)起(qi)到變(bian)(bian)換電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)目的(de)。

當變(bian)壓器(qi)二(er)次側接入負載后，在電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)勢E2的(de)作(zuo)用下，將(jiang)有二(er)次電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)通過(guo)，該電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)產(chan)生的(de)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)勢，也(ye)將(jiang)作(zuo)用在同一(yi)鐵(tie)芯上(shang)(shang)，起到(dao)反向去磁(ci)作(zuo)用，但因主磁(ci)通取決(jue)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)壓，而U1基本保持不變(bian)，故(gu)一(yi)次繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)必將(jiang)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)增加一(yi)個(ge)分量產(chan)生磁(ci)動(dong)(dong)勢F1,以(yi)抵消二(er)次繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)所產(chan)生的(de)磁(ci)動(dong)(dong)勢F2,在一(yi)二(er)次繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)L1、L2作(zuo)用下，作(zuo)用在鐵(tie)芯上(shang)(shang)的(de)總(zong)磁(ci)動(dong)(dong)勢（不計(ji)空(kong)載電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)I0),F1+F2=0,

由于F1=I1N1,F2=I2N2,故

I1N1+I2N2=0,由(you)式可知，I1和(he)I2同相，所以

I1/I2=N2/N1=1/K

由式可(ke)知，一二次電(dian)流比(bi)(bi)與一二次電(dian)壓比(bi)(bi)互為(wei)倒(dao)數，變壓器(qi)一二次繞組功率(lv)基本不(bu)變，（因(yin)變壓器(qi)自身(shen)損耗較其傳(chuan)輸功率(lv)相對較小(xiao)(xiao)），二次繞組電(dian)流I2的大小(xiao)(xiao)取(qu)決于負(fu)載(zai)的需(xu)要(yao)，所以一次繞組電(dian)流I1的大小(xiao)(xiao)也取(qu)決于負(fu)載(zai)的需(xu)要(yao)，變壓器(qi)起到(dao)了功率(lv)傳(chuan)遞的作用。

   所謂變(bian)(bian)壓器(qi)就(jiu)是要改變(bian)(bian)電(dian)壓，一(yi)般發電(dian)機輸出為(wei)(wei)三(san)相正(zheng)弦(xian)交流電(dian)，分為(wei)(wei)U相、V相、W相。發電(dian)機分三(san)角形連(lian)接(jie)和星型連(lian)接(jie)：三(san)角形連(lian)接(jie)就(jiu)是將三(san)項(xiang)首(shou)(shou)尾連(lian)接(jie)起來輸出三(san)條線(xian)(xian)(xian)幾十所謂的(de)三(san)相間的(de)電(dian)壓有效值為(wei)(wei)380V，星型是將三(san)星的(de)首(shou)(shou)或尾連(lian)接(jie)起來輸出四(si)條線(xian)(xian)(xian)分別為(wei)(wei)三(san)相和地線(xian)(xian)(xian)，而三(san)相的(de)任意(yi)一(yi)相和地線(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)連(lian)接(jie)稱為(wei)(wei)單項(xiang)電(dian)有效值為(wei)(wei)220V用于(yu)單相電(dian)的(de)變(bian)(bian)壓器(qi)稱為(wei)(wei)單向變(bian)(bian)壓器(qi)，而連(lian)接(jie)于(yu)單相變(bian)(bian)壓器(qi)次級(ji)的(de)負載稱為(wei)(wei)單相負荷。