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單相變壓(ya)器工作原理(li)：當變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)側施加交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)U1，流過一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流為I1,則該(gai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流在鐵芯中會(hui)產生交(jiao)變磁(ci)通，使一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)和(he)二(er)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)發生電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)聯系，根據(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)感(gan)應原(yuan)理，交(jiao)變磁(ci)通穿過這兩個繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)就會(hui)感(gan)應出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢，其大小與繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)匝(za)數(shu)以(yi)及主(zhu)磁(ci)通的(de)最大值成正比，繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)匝(za)數(shu)多(duo)的(de)一(yi)側電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)高(gao)，繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)匝(za)數(shu)少的(de)一(yi)側電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)，當變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)二(er)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)側開(kai)路，即變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)空載時，一(yi)二(er)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)與一(yi)二(er)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)匝(za)數(shu)成正比，變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)起(qi)到變換(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)目(mu)的(de)。

當(dang)變(bian)(bian)壓器二(er)次(ci)側接(jie)入負載后，在電動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)勢E2的(de)作用下，將(jiang)(jiang)有二(er)次(ci)電流通過(guo)，該電流產生(sheng)的(de)電動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)勢，也將(jiang)(jiang)作用在同一鐵(tie)芯上，起到反向去(qu)磁(ci)作用，但因主磁(ci)通取決(jue)于電源電壓，而(er)U1基本保持不變(bian)(bian)，故一次(ci)繞(rao)組電流必將(jiang)(jiang)自動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)增加一個分(fen)量產生(sheng)磁(ci)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)勢F1,以抵消(xiao)二(er)次(ci)繞(rao)組電流所產生(sheng)的(de)磁(ci)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)勢F2,在一二(er)次(ci)繞(rao)組電流L1、L2作用下，作用在鐵(tie)芯上的(de)總磁(ci)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)勢（不計空載電流I0),F1+F2=0,

由(you)于F1=I1N1,F2=I2N2,故

I1N1+I2N2=0,由(you)式可知，I1和I2同(tong)相，所以

I1/I2=N2/N1=1/K

由式可知(zhi)，一(yi)二次(ci)(ci)電(dian)(dian)流比(bi)與(yu)一(yi)二次(ci)(ci)電(dian)(dian)壓比(bi)互為倒數，變壓器(qi)(qi)一(yi)二次(ci)(ci)繞組(zu)功率(lv)基本不變，（因變壓器(qi)(qi)自身損耗較其傳輸功率(lv)相對較小），二次(ci)(ci)繞組(zu)電(dian)(dian)流I2的(de)(de)大(da)小取決于負載(zai)的(de)(de)需要(yao)，所(suo)以一(yi)次(ci)(ci)繞組(zu)電(dian)(dian)流I1的(de)(de)大(da)小也取決于負載(zai)的(de)(de)需要(yao)，變壓器(qi)(qi)起到了功率(lv)傳遞的(de)(de)作用。

   所謂變壓器就是(shi)要改變電(dian)(dian)壓，一(yi)般發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)輸出(chu)為(wei)三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)正弦交流電(dian)(dian)，分為(wei)U相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、V相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、W相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)分三(san)角形(xing)連接(jie)和星(xing)型連接(jie)：三(san)角形(xing)連接(jie)就是(shi)將三(san)項首尾(wei)連接(jie)起來輸出(chu)三(san)條線幾十所謂的(de)(de)(de)三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)間的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓有效值為(wei)380V，星(xing)型是(shi)將三(san)星(xing)的(de)(de)(de)首或尾(wei)連接(jie)起來輸出(chu)四條線分別(bie)為(wei)三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)和地線，而(er)三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)任意一(yi)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)和地線的(de)(de)(de)連接(jie)稱(cheng)為(wei)單項電(dian)(dian)有效值為(wei)220V用于(yu)單相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)變壓器稱(cheng)為(wei)單向(xiang)變壓器，而(er)連接(jie)于(yu)單相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變壓器次級的(de)(de)(de)負(fu)載稱(cheng)為(wei)單相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)負(fu)荷。