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       自(zi)耦(ou)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)是輸(shu)(shu)出和(he)輸(shu)(shu)入共(gong)用一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)組(zu)(zu)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特殊變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)。升壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)和(he)降壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)用不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)抽頭(tou)來實現(xian)，比(bi)共(gong)用線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)少的(de)(de)(de)(de)部分(fen)抽頭(tou)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)就(jiu)降低(di)，比(bi)共(gong)用線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)部分(fen)抽頭(tou)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)就(jiu)升高。其實原(yuan)理和(he)普通(tong)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，只(zhi)不過(guo)(guo)他的(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)就(jiu)是它的(de)(de)(de)(de)副(fu)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)是左邊(bian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)原(yuan)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)電(dian)磁感應(ying)，使(shi)右邊(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)副(fu)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)產生電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，自(zi)耦(ou)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)是自(zi)己影(ying)響自(zi)己。自(zi)耦(ou)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)是只(zhi)有一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)，當(dang)作為(wei)(wei)降壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)使(shi)用時(shi)，從繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)中抽出一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)部分(fen)線(xian)(xian)匝作為(wei)(wei)二次(ci)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)；當(dang)作為(wei)(wei)升壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)使(shi)用時(shi)，外施電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)只(zhi)加在繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)—部分(fen)線(xian)(xian)匝上(shang)。通(tong)常把同時(shi)屬于(yu)(yu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)和(he)二次(ci)的(de)(de)(de)(de)那部分(fen)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)公共(gong)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)，自(zi)耦(ou)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)其余部分(fen)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)串聯繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)，同容(rong)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)耦(ou)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)與普通(tong)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)相比(bi)，不但尺寸小，而且效率高，并(bing)且變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)越(yue)大(da)，電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)越(yue)高．這個(ge)優點(dian)就(jiu)越(yue)加突出。因此隨著電(dian)力系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)、電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)等級(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)提高和(he)輸(shu)(shu)送容(rong)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)增大(da)，自(zi)藕變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)由(you)于(yu)(yu)其容(rong)量(liang)(liang)大(da)、損耗(hao)小、造(zao)價低(di)而得到廣泛應(ying)用。

     在一(yi)(yi)個閉合的(de)(de)(de)鐵芯(xin)上(shang)繞兩個或以(yi)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)線(xian)圈(quan)(quan)，當一(yi)(yi)個線(xian)圈(quan)(quan)通(tong)入交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)源(yuan)時(shi)(shi)（就是初(chu)級線(xian)圈(quan)(quan)），線(xian)圈(quan)(quan)中(zhong)流(liu)過(guo)交(jiao)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)流(liu)，這(zhe)個交(jiao)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)流(liu)在鐵芯(xin)中(zhong)產生交(jiao)變(bian)(bian)磁場，交(jiao)變(bian)(bian)主磁通(tong)在初(chu)級線(xian)圈(quan)(quan)中(zhong)產生自身感應(ying)電(dian)動勢，同時(shi)(shi)另(ling)外(wai)一(yi)(yi)個線(xian)圈(quan)(quan)（就是次(ci)級線(xian)圈(quan)(quan)）中(zhong)感應(ying)互(hu)感電(dian)動勢。通(tong)過(guo)改(gai)變(bian)(bian)初(chu)、次(ci)級的(de)(de)(de)線(xian)圈(quan)(quan)匝數比的(de)(de)(de)關系來改(gai)變(bian)(bian)初(chu)、次(ci)級線(xian)圈(quan)(quan)端電(dian)壓，實現電(dian)壓的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)換，一(yi)(yi)般(ban)匝數比為1.5：1~2：1。因為初(chu)級和次(ci)級線(xian)圈(quan)(quan)直接相連(lian)，有跨級漏電(dian)的(de)(de)(de)危(wei)險(xian)。所以(yi)不能作行(xing)燈(deng)變(bian)(bian)壓器(qi)。