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 ;      三(san)相自耦變(bian)壓器(qi)是(shi)一種自耦變(bian)壓器(qi)，它可以有完全同(tong)于三(san)相變(bian)壓器(qi)的(de)連接組，所不同(tong)的(de)其縣(xian)線圈(quan)間存(cun)在著電的(de)聯系。主要用于大功率輸(shu)電變(bian)電場合(he)。

1.三相自耦變壓器(qi)工作原理

     自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)耦(ou)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)輸出(chu)和(he)輸入共(gong)用(yong)(yong)一組線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)的(de)特殊變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)。升壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)和(he)降(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)用(yong)(yong)不同(tong)的(de)抽(chou)(chou)頭來實現，比(bi)共(gong)用(yong)(yong)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)少的(de)部(bu)分抽(chou)(chou)頭電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)就(jiu)(jiu)降(jiang)低，比(bi)共(gong)用(yong)(yong)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)多的(de)部(bu)分抽(chou)(chou)頭電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)就(jiu)(jiu)升高(gao)。其實原理(li)和(he)普(pu)通(tong)(tong)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)一樣(yang)的(de)，只(zhi)不過他的(de)原線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)它的(de)副線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)，一般(ban)的(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)左邊一個原線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)通(tong)(tong)過電(dian)磁感應，使右(you)邊的(de)副線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)產生電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)耦(ou)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)己影(ying)響自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)己。自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)耦(ou)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)只(zhi)有一個繞(rao)組的(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，當(dang)作(zuo)為降(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)使用(yong)(yong)時(shi)(shi)，從繞(rao)組中抽(chou)(chou)出(chu)一部(bu)分線(xian)(xian)匝作(zuo)為二(er)次(ci)(ci)繞(rao)組；當(dang)作(zuo)為升壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)使用(yong)(yong)時(shi)(shi)，外施電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)只(zhi)加在繞(rao)組的(de)—部(bu)分線(xian)(xian)匝上。通(tong)(tong)常把(ba)同(tong)時(shi)(shi)屬于一次(ci)(ci)和(he)二(er)次(ci)(ci)的(de)那(nei)部(bu)分繞(rao)組稱為公共(gong)繞(rao)組，自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)耦(ou)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)其余(yu)部(bu)分稱為串聯繞(rao)組，同(tong)容(rong)量(liang)的(de)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)耦(ou)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)與普(pu)通(tong)(tong)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)相比(bi)，不但尺寸小，而且(qie)效(xiao)率高(gao)，并且(qie)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)容(rong)量(liang)越大(da)，電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)越高(gao)．這個優(you)點就(jiu)(jiu)越加突(tu)出(chu)。因(yin)此隨著電(dian)力(li)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)發展、電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)等級的(de)提(ti)高(gao)和(he)輸送容(rong)量(liang)的(de)增大(da)，自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)藕變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)由于其容(rong)量(liang)大(da)、損耗小、造價低而得到(dao)廣泛(fan)應用(yong)(yong)。

2.在(zai)(zai)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)閉合的(de)鐵芯(xin)上(shang)繞兩個(ge)(ge)或以上(shang)的(de)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)，當一(yi)個(ge)(ge)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)通(tong)入交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)源時(shi)（就是初(chu)級線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)），線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)中流(liu)過交(jiao)(jiao)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)，這個(ge)(ge)交(jiao)(jiao)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)在(zai)(zai)鐵芯(xin)中產生交(jiao)(jiao)變(bian)磁場，交(jiao)(jiao)變(bian)主磁通(tong)在(zai)(zai)初(chu)級線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)中產生自身感應(ying)電(dian)(dian)動勢(shi)，同時(shi)另外(wai)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)（就是次級線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)）中感應(ying)互感電(dian)(dian)動勢(shi)。通(tong)過改(gai)變(bian)初(chu)、次級的(de)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)匝數比的(de)關系來改(gai)變(bian)初(chu)、次級線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)端電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，實(shi)現電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)變(bian)換，一(yi)般(ban)匝數比為1.5：1~2：1。因為初(chu)級和次級線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)直(zhi)接相(xiang)連，有(you)跨級漏電(dian)(dian)的(de)危險(xian)。所以不能作行燈變(bian)壓(ya)器。

三相自(zi)耦變壓器特(te)點：

（1）由(you)于(yu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)耦(ou)變壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)計算(suan)小于(yu)額(e)定容(rong)量(liang)(liang)，所以在(zai)(zai)同樣的(de)(de)額(e)定容(rong)量(liang)(liang)下(xia)，自(zi)(zi)(zi)耦(ou)變壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)主要尺(chi)(chi)寸較(jiao)小，有(you)(you)效(xiao)材料(liao)（硅鋼和導線(xian)和結構材料(liao)（鋼材）都(dou)相應減(jian)少，從而降(jiang)低成本。有(you)(you)效(xiao)材料(liao)的(de)(de)減(jian)少使得(de)銅耗(hao)和鐵耗(hao)也相應減(jian)少，故自(zi)(zi)(zi)耦(ou)變壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)效(xiao)率較(jiao)高(gao)。同時由(you)于(yu)主要尺(chi)(chi)寸的(de)(de)縮小和質量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)減(jian)小，可以在(zai)(zai)容(rong)許的(de)(de)運輸條件下(xia)制造(zao)單臺容(rong)量(liang)(liang)更(geng)大的(de)(de)變壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)。但(dan)通常在(zai)(zai)自(zi)(zi)(zi)耦(ou)變壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)中只有(you)(you)k≤2時，上(shang)述優點才明顯。

（2）由于自耦變壓器的短(duan)路阻抗標幺值比雙(shuang)繞(rao)組(zu)變壓器小，故電壓變化率較小，但短(duan)路電流較大。

（3）由(you)于自耦變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)一、二(er)次(ci)之間有電(dian)的直(zhi)接(jie)聯(lian)系，當高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)過(guo)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)時(shi)會引起低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)嚴(yan)重過(guo)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。為(wei)了(le)避免這種危(wei)險，一、二(er)次(ci)都必須裝(zhuang)(zhuang)設避雷(lei)器(qi)，不要認(ren)為(wei)一、二(er)次(ci)繞組是串聯(lian)的，一次(ci)已裝(zhuang)(zhuang)、二(er)次(ci)就可省略。