普通變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)主要任務是改變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya),分為降(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器和升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器。它側重于(yu)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)轉換,而(er)不是隔(ge)(ge)離(li)(li)。隔(ge)(ge)離(li)(li)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器則主要是隔(ge)(ge)離(li)(li)電源與負荷,使兩(liang)邊不存在直(zhi)接的(de)電的(de)聯系,一般(ban)用(yong)(yong)在低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)儀器及實驗上(shang)。隔(ge)(ge)離(li)(li)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)原邊和副邊繞組帶(dai)電氣隔(ge)(ge)離(li)(li),用(yong)(yong)以避免偶(ou)然(ran)同時觸及帶(dai)電體(ti),確(que)保(bao)安全(quan)。隔(ge)(ge)離(li)(li)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)比通常是1:1,屬于(yu)安全(quan)電源,常用(yong)(yong)作(zuo)維修電源,起保(bao)護、防雷、濾波作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。
隔離變(bian)(bian)壓器(qi)與(yu)普通(tong)變(bian)(bian)壓器(qi)的原(yuan)(yuan)理(li)相(xiang)同,都(dou)是利用電(dian)(dian)磁感(gan)應原(yuan)(yuan)理(li)工作(zuo)。但隔離變(bian)(bian)壓器(qi)在一次(ci)側(ce)(ce)、二次(ci)側(ce)(ce)繞組間有(you)較高絕緣強(qiang)度,以(yi)隔離不同電(dian)(dian)位抑制(zhi)共模(mo)干擾。普通(tong)變(bian)(bian)壓器(qi)側(ce)(ce)重于(yu)電(dian)(dian)壓的轉換,而隔離變(bian)(bian)壓器(qi)則更(geng)側(ce)(ce)重于(yu)電(dian)(dian)氣隔離和安全。
自耦變壓器與隔(ge)離(li)變壓器在結構上有(you)本質(zhi)的(de)區別。自耦變壓器中,一次(ci)繞(rao)(rao)組和二(er)次(ci)繞(rao)(rao)組共用(yong)一個繞(rao)(rao)組,而(er)隔(ge)離(li)變壓器的(de)一次(ci)繞(rao)(rao)組和二(er)次(ci)繞(rao)(rao)組彼此(ci)分離(li),通(tong)過介質(zhi)絕緣(yuan)屏障電分離(li),從而(er)實現電氣隔(ge)離(li)